International Spring Company
Warnock Spring and Mfg. Co.

7901 N. Nagle Avenue
Morton Grove, Illinois 60053-2714
(847) 470-8170

                QS 9000 COMPLIANT                       ISO 9002 REGISTERED

Compression Springs

Compression springs are open wound helical springs that exert a load or force when compressed.  They may be cylindrical, conical, barrel and hourglass shaped.  Various combinations of different shapes are used as required by the application.  Round wire is predominately used in compression springs because it is readily available and adaptable to standard coiler tooling.  Square, rectangular, or special section wire may also have to be specified.   Ends can either be closed or open. Ends can also be ground or unground.

Extension Springs

Extension springs are springs which absorb and store energy by offering to a pulling force.  Most extension springs are wound with initial tension which holds the coils together and offers resistance to a pulling force.  Extension springs are the direct opposite of compression springs, in that they are close-coiled helical springs that extend under a pulling force.  Extension springs can have many different styles of hooked and looped ends.  The most common are the following:

Torsion and Double Torsion Springs

Torsion springs are made to offer resistance to applied torque.   When deflected they will reduce in coil diameter and extend in overall length.  Torsion springs are helical coil springs that exert a torque or rotary force and are subjected to bending stresses.  Such springs are wound right or left hand so that deflection causes the spring to wind up from the free position - never to unwind from the free position.  Torsion springs reduce in diameter as they wind up; their length becomes longer and these changes should be calculated to see if binding on a supporting rod occurs.  Such springs should be supported over a rod whenever possible.  A slight open space should be provided between coils to eliminate coil friction, which would alter the torque and deflection.  They are used in a variety of applications where torque is needed.  Double Torsion springs consist of one right hand and one left hand coil section connected together, and working in parallel.  The total torque exerted being the sum of the two torsion springs.

Flat Springs and Wire Forms

The term flat springs refers to all springs made from sheet, strip or plates that are not part of another category such as washer or power springs.  Flat springs may contain bends and complicated forms. Flat springs are produced in an unlimited variety of shapes from a wide assortment of material.  The engineering drawing is the best way to specify the specifications of a flat spring.  Due to the variety of these parts, it is not possible to design a standard procedure.  However a blueprint or sample is usually sufficient information to enable us to submit an estimate of costs.

Wire forms are made from high strength spring materials and annealed materials.   Wire forms are designed with a wide variety of shapes to perform many functions.   Wire forms are often used as links to carry loads with a minimum deflection.   An engineering drawing is the best way to specify the wire form.  Consultation with our experienced engineers early in the design stage of wire forms will often result in considerable cost savings.

Rings

Retaining rings, or "snap rings", of round, square and rectangular sections are used in many ways in machinery construction.  They primarily provide shoulders to locate or retain parts on shafts or in cylinders.  The two major categories of retaining are internal and external.  External rings are assembled over a shaft, while internal rings are assembled in a cylinder.  Due to the variety of these parts, it is not possible to design a standard procedure.  However a blueprint or sample is usually sufficient information to enable us to submit an estimate of costs.

Wave Washers

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Copyright © 1998 International Spring Company
Last modified: MARCH 19, 2003